Tripiṭaka Mahāvibhaṅga
The Great Analysis
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Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery,
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro brāhmaṇo bhikkhū nimantetvā bhojesi.
a certain brahmin had invited the monks for a meal.
Bhikkhū bhuttāvī pavāritā ñātikulāni gantvā ekacce bhuñjiṁsu ekacce piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya agamaṁsu.
When the monks had finished and refused an invitation to eat more, they went to their respective families, where some ate and some took away almsfood.
Yepi tayā nimantitā tepi amhākaṁ gharāni āgantvā ekacce bhuñjiṁsu ekacce piṇḍapātaṁ ādāya agamaṁsū”ti.
Those monks who were invited by you came to our houses. Some of them ate there and some took away almsfood.”
Atha kho so brāhmaṇo ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti—
That brahmin complained and criticized those monks,
“kathañhi nāma bhadantā amhākaṁ ghare bhuñjitvā aññatra bhuñjissanti.
“How could the venerables eat in our house and afterwards eat elsewhere?
Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tassa brāhmaṇassa ujjhāyantassa khiyyantassa vipācentassa.
The monks heard the complaints of that brahmin,
Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,
“kathañhi nāma bhikkhū bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissantī”ti …pe…
“How could those monks finish their meal and refuse an invitation to eat more, and then eat elsewhere?” …
“saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjantī”ti?
“Is it true, monks, that monks did this?”
kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā bhuttāvī pavāritā aññatra bhuñjissanti.
“How could those foolish men do this?
evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu bhuttāvī pavārito khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk has finished his meal and refused an invitation to eat more, and then eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ paṇīte piṇḍapāte nīharanti.
Soon afterwards the monks were bringing back fine almsfood for the sick monks.
Gilānā na cittarūpaṁ bhuñjanti.
But because the sick monks were unable to eat as much as they had intended,
Assosi kho bhagavā uccāsaddaṁ mahāsaddaṁ kākoravasaddaṁ.
When the Buddha heard the loud sound of crows cawing,
“kiṁ nu kho so, ānanda, uccāsaddo mahāsaddo kākoravasaddo”ti?
“Ānanda, why is there this loud sound of crows cawing?”
Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
Ānanda told him what had happened, and the Buddha said,
“Bhuñjeyyuṁ panānanda, bhikkhū gilānātirittan”ti.
“But Ānanda, don’t the monks eat the leftovers from those who are sick?”
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānassa ca agilānassa ca atirittaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to eat the leftovers both from those who are sick and from those who are not sick.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu bhuttāvī pavārito anatirittaṁ khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk has finished his meal and refused an invitation to eat more, and then eats fresh or cooked food that is not left over, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññataraṁ bhojanaṁ antamaso kusaggenapi bhuttaṁ hoti.
has eaten any of the five cooked foods, even what fits on the tip of a blade of grass.
asanaṁ paññāyati, bhojanaṁ paññāyati, hatthapāse ṭhito abhiharati, paṭikkhepo paññāyati.
there is eating; there is cooked food; they stand within arm’s reach; there is an offering; there is a refusal.
bhuttāvinā pavāritena āsanā vuṭṭhitena kataṁ hoti,
it is done by one who has finished his meal, who has refused an invitation to eat more, but who has risen from his seat;
bhuttāvinā pavāritena āsanā avuṭṭhitena kataṁ hoti,
it is done by one who has finished his meal, who has refused an invitation to eat more, and who has not risen from his seat;
pañca bhojanāni—yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ ṭhapetvā avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.
apart from the five cooked foods, the post-midday tonics, the seven-day tonics, and the lifetime tonics—the rest is called “fresh food”.
pañca bhojanāni— odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ.
there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat.
“Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he receives it intending to eat it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. For every mouthful swallowed, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Anatiritte anatirittasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is not left over, and he does not perceive it as such, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Anatiritte vematiko khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is not left over, but he is unsure of it, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Anatiritte atirittasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is not left over, but he perceives it as such, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he receives post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics for the purpose of food, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa.
For every mouthful swallowed, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Atiritte anatirittasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is left over, but he does not perceive it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Atiritte vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is left over, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Atiritte atirittasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is left over, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.
“atirittaṁ kārāpetvā bhuñjissāmī”ti paṭiggaṇhāti,
if he receives it with the intention of having it made left over and then eating it;
yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ sati paccaye paribhuñjati,
if, when there is a reason, he uses post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics;
Pavāraṇāsikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ pañcamaṁ.
The training rule on invitations, the fifth, is finished.