Tripiṭaka Mahāvibhaṅga
The Great Analysis
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Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.
At one time when the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove,
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhākakulaṁ āyasmantaṁ upanandaṁ sakyaputtaṁ bhattena nimantesi.
a family that was supporting Venerable Upananda the Sakyan had invited him to a meal,
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto purebhattaṁ, kulāni payirupāsati.
But since Upananda was visiting other families before that meal,
“Āgametha, bhante, yāvāyyo upanando āgacchatī”ti.
“Please wait, sirs, until Venerable Upananda arrives.”
“Yampi mayaṁ, bhante, bhattaṁ karimhā ayyassa upanandassa kāraṇā.
“But we prepared the meal because of Venerable Upananda.
Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto purebhattaṁ kulāni payirupāsitvā divā āgacchati.
Then, after visiting those families, Upananda arrived late,
Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized Upananda,
“kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissatī”ti …pe…
“How can Venerable Upananda visit families first when invited to a meal?” …
“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, upananda, nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjasī”ti?
“Is it true, Upananda, that you do this?”
kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissasi.
“Foolish man, how can you do this?
evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upanandassa sakyaputtassa upaṭṭhākakulaṁ saṅghassatthāya khādanīyaṁ pāhesi—
Soon afterwards a family that was supporting Upananda sent fresh food to the Sangha.
“ayyassa upanandassa dassetvā saṅghassa dātabban”ti.
They instructed that the food should be shown to Upananda and then given to the Sangha.
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto gāmaṁ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho hoti.
But on that occasion Upananda had gone to the village for alms.
Atha kho te manussā ārāmaṁ gantvā bhikkhū pucchiṁsu—
When those people arrived at the monastery,
“Esāvuso, āyasmā upanando sakyaputto gāmaṁ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho”ti.
and they were told where he was.
“Idaṁ, bhante, khādanīyaṁ ayyassa upanandassa dassetvā saṅghassa dātabban”ti.
They said, “Venerables, after showing it to Venerable Upananda, this fresh food is to be given to the Sangha.”
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
who then gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“tena hi, bhikkhave, paṭiggahetvā nikkhipatha yāva upanando āgacchatī”ti.
“Well then, monks, receive it and put it aside until Upananda returns.”
Atha kho āyasmā upanando sakyaputto—“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ purebhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjitun”ti pacchābhattaṁ kulāni payirupāsitvā divā paṭikkami, khādanīyaṁ ussāriyittha.
When he heard that the Buddha had prohibited visiting families before the meal, Upananda visited them after the meal instead. As a consequence, he returned late to the monastery, and the food had to be returned to the donors.
Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
The monks of few desires complained and criticized Upananda,
“kathañhi nāma āyasmā upanando sakyaputto pacchābhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissatī”ti …pe…
“How can Venerable Upananda visit families after the meal?” …
“saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, upananda, pacchābhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjasī”ti?
“Is it true, Upananda, that you do this?”
kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, pacchābhattaṁ kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjissasi.
“Foolish man, how can you do this?
evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū cīvaradānasamaye kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti.
Soon afterwards it was the robe-giving season. But being afraid of wrongdoing, the monks did not visit families.
anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye kulāni payirupāsituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to visit families during the robe-giving season.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
This is the appropriate occasion: it is the robe-giving season.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū cīvarakammaṁ karonti, attho ca hoti sūciyāpi suttenapi satthakenapi.
Soon afterwards the monks were making robes, and they needed a needle, thread, and scissors.
Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti.
But being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not visit families.
anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye kulāni payirupāsituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to visit families at a time of making robes.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū gilānā honti, attho ca hoti bhesajjehi.
Soon afterwards there were sick monks who needed medicines.
Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā kulāni na payirupāsanti.
But being afraid of wrongdoing, the monks did not visit families.
anujānāmi, bhikkhave, santaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchā kulāni payirupāsituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to visit families after informing an available monk.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu nimantito sabhatto samāno santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjeyya, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ.
‘If a monk who has been invited to a meal visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo—ayaṁ tattha samayo”ti.
These are the appropriate occasions: it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’”
…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantito.
invited to eat any of the five cooked foods.
yena nimantito taṁ antamaso kusaggenapi bhuttaṁ hoti.
even if he has just eaten what fits on the tip of a blade of grass from what he has been invited to eat.
cattāri kulāni— khattiyakulaṁ, brāhmaṇakulaṁ, vessakulaṁ, suddakulaṁ.
there are four kinds of families: the aristocratic family, the brahmin family, the merchant family, the worker family.
aññassa gharūpacāraṁ okkamantassa āpatti dukkaṭassa.
if he enters the vicinity of someone else’s house, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Paṭhamaṁ pādaṁ ummāraṁ atikkāmeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he crosses the threshold with the first foot, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Dutiyaṁ pādaṁ atikkāmeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he crosses the threshold with the second foot, he commits an offense entailing confession.
anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañca māsā.
for one who has not participated in the robe-making ceremony, it is the last month of the rainy season. For one who has participated in the robe-making ceremony, it is the five-month period.
Nimantite nimantitasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he has been invited, and he perceives that he has, and he visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Nimantite vematiko santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he has been invited, but he is unsure of it, and he visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Nimantite animantitasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā purebhattaṁ vā pacchābhattaṁ vā kulesu cārittaṁ āpajjati, aññatra samayā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he has been invited, but he does not perceive that he has, and he visits families beforehand or afterwards without informing an available monk, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Animantite nimantitasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he has not been invited, but he perceives that he has, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Animantite vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If he has not been invited, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Animantite animantitasaññī, anāpatti.
If he has not been invited, and he does not perceive that he has, there is no offense.
asantaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā pavisati,
if, when there is no available monk, he enters without informing anyone;
titthiyaseyyaṁ gacchati,
if he is going to the dwelling place of the monastics of another religion;
Cārittasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ chaṭṭhaṁ.
The training rule on visiting, the sixth, is finished.