Tripiṭaka Mahāvibhaṅga
The Great Analysis
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85. Vikālagāmappavisanasikkhāpada
85. The training rule on entering an inhabited area at the wrong time
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery.
Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathenti, seyyathidaṁ—
At that time the monks from the group of six entered the village at the wrong time, sat down in the public meeting hall, and talked about all sorts of worldly things:
rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ mahāmattakathaṁ senākathaṁ bhayakathaṁ yuddhakathaṁ annakathaṁ pānakathaṁ vatthakathaṁ sayanakathaṁ mālākathaṁ gandhakathaṁ ñātikathaṁ yānakathaṁ gāmakathaṁ nigamakathaṁ nagarakathaṁ janapadakathaṁ itthikathaṁ sūrakathaṁ visikhākathaṁ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṁ pubbapetakathaṁ nānattakathaṁ lokakkhāyikaṁ samuddakkhāyikaṁ itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā.
about kings, gangsters, and officials; about armies, dangers, and battles; about food, drink, clothes, and beds; about garlands and perfumes; about relatives, vehicles, villages, towns, and countries; about women and heroes; gossip; about the departed; about various trivialities; about the world and the sea; about the various kinds of existence.
“kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathessanti, seyyathidaṁ—
“How can the Sakyan monastics enter the village at the wrong time, sit down in the public meeting hall, and talk about such worldly things?
rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…
itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā, seyyathāpi gihī kāmabhogino”ti.
They’re just like householders who indulge in worldly pleasures!”
Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ.
The monks heard the complaints of those people,
Ye te bhikkhū appicchā …pe… te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti—
and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks,
“kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathessanti, seyyathidaṁ—
“How can the monks from the group of six do this?”
itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā”ti …pe…
“saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathetha, seyyathidaṁ—
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”
rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…
itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā”ti?
kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitvā sabhāyaṁ nisīditvā anekavihitaṁ tiracchānakathaṁ kathessatha, seyyathidaṁ—
“Foolish men, how can you do this?
rājakathaṁ corakathaṁ …pe…
itibhavābhavakathaṁ iti vā.
evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
“And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk enters an inhabited area at the wrong time, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṁ gacchantā sāyaṁ aññataraṁ gāmaṁ upagacchiṁsu.
Soon afterwards a number of monks were walking through the Kosalan country on their way to Sāvatthī, when one evening they came to a certain village.
Atha kho te bhikkhū—
“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitun”ti kukkuccāyantā na pavisiṁsu.
But knowing that entering a village at the wrong time had been prohibited by the Buddha and being afraid of wrongdoing, they declined.
Atha kho te bhikkhū sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
They then went to Sāvatthī and told the monks what had happened,
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, āpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to enter an inhabited area at the wrong time after informing someone.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk, without informing anyone, enters an inhabited area at the wrong time, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṁ gacchanto sāyaṁ aññataraṁ gāmaṁ upagacchi.
Soon afterwards a monk was walking through the Kosalan country on his way to Sāvatthī, when one evening he came to a certain village.
Atha kho so bhikkhu—
“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitun”ti kukkuccāyanto na pāvisi.
But knowing that entering a village at the wrong time without informing anyone had been prohibited by the Buddha and being afraid of wrongdoing, he declined.
Atha kho so bhikkhu sāvatthiṁ gantvā bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
He then went to Sāvatthī and told the monks what had happened,
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, santaṁ bhikkhuṁ āpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to enter an inhabited area at the wrong time after informing an available monk.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk, when a monk is available, enters an inhabited area at the wrong time without informing him, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu ahinā daṭṭho hoti.
Soon afterwards a monk was bitten by a snake.
Aññataro bhikkhu “aggiṁ āharissāmī”ti gāmaṁ gacchati.
Another monk went to the village to get fire.
“bhagavatā paṭikkhittaṁ santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisitun”ti kukkuccāyanto na pāvisi …pe…
that the Buddha has prohibited entering a village at the wrong time without informing an available monk. And being afraid of wrongdoing, he did not enter.
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi—
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“anujānāmi, bhikkhave, tathārūpe accāyike karaṇīye santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ pavisituṁ.
“Monks, I allow you to enter an inhabited area at the wrong time without informing an available monk if there is some appropriate urgent business.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
“Yo pana bhikkhu santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā vikāle gāmaṁ paviseyya, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, pācittiyan”ti.
‘If a monk, when another monk is available, enters an inhabited area at the wrong time without informing him, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
…pe… ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
… The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
parikkhittassa gāmassa parikkhepaṁ atikkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
if he crosses the boundary of an enclosed inhabited area, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Aparikkhittassa gāmassa upacāraṁ okkamantassa āpatti pācittiyassa.
If he enters the vicinity of an unenclosed inhabited area, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Vikāle vikālasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā gāmaṁ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, and he perceives it as such, and he enters an inhabited area without informing an available monk, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Vikāle vematiko santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā gāmaṁ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, but he is unsure of it, and he enters an inhabited area without informing an available monk, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Vikāle kālasaññī santaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā gāmaṁ pavisati, aññatra tathārūpā accāyikā karaṇīyā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
If it is the wrong time, but he perceives it as the right time, and he enters an inhabited area without informing an available monk, except if there is some appropriate urgent business, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Kāle vikālasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is the right time, but he perceives it as the wrong time, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Kāle vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa.
If it is the right time, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
Kāle kālasaññī, anāpatti.
If it is the right time, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.
asantaṁ bhikkhuṁ anāpucchā pavisati,
if he enters without informing anyone when there is no available monk;
titthiyaseyyaṁ gacchati,
if he is going to the dwelling place of the monastics of another religion;
Vikālagāmappavisanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.
The training rule on entering an inhabited area at the wrong time, the third, is finished.